The Domain Name System (DNS) is a hierarchical and decentralized system of domain names, services, or any other resources connected to the Internet or a private network. DNS is responsible for translating human-friendly site names, such as www.example.com , the digital IP addresses required to locate and identify computer services and devices.
The principle of DNS operation
Enter the site address. The user enters the addresses of the required site in the browser.
A recursive query. The browser requests the IP address of the domain from the local DNS server.
An iterative query. If the local server does not have a response, it sends a request to another DNS server. Most often, this is an Internet service provider’s server.
Redirection. The process continues until the DNS server is able to provide an IP address or confirm that it does not exist.
Answer. The IP address is returned to the browser, which can now load the website.
Advantages of DNS
Ease of use. DNS allows users to connect to websites using lightweight domain names instead of complex numeric IP addresses.
Effectiveness. DNS servers cache previously requested IP addresses so that the desired site can be found faster in the future.
Load balancing. DNS distributes requests between multiple servers to prevent a situation where one server becomes a bottleneck.