Quantum computing is a specialized field in computer science that uses the principles of quantum mechanics to accelerate computational tasks. Unlike conventional computers that process data in binary format (ones and zeros), quantum computers use quantum bits (qubits).
The basis of quantum computing is the principle of “quantum advantage“. It means the superiority of quantum computers over conventional ones in effectively solving a wide range of tasks and various possibilities.
The main quantum phenomena
The principle of “quantum advantage“ is primarily explained by two key quantum phenomena: superposition and entanglement.
Superposition allows quantum bits to simultaneously represent 0, 1, or both values, which classical bits do not have, which can only be 0 or 1. This unique characteristic gives quantum computers the ability to perform volumetric calculations at the same time.
Quantum entanglement is a phenomenon where particles intertwine with each other. The state of one particle can instantly affect the state of another, regardless of the physical distance between them. This relationship can help quantum computers solve complex tasks efficiently and reduce the consumption of memory and processor computing resources.
Quantum computing can affect various industries
Cryptography. In cryptography, encryption systems are built on the complex task of factoring large numbers. Quantum computers are capable of solving such problems, thereby laying the foundation for the evolution of more secure encryption methods in the future.
Materials science. Quantum computers can model and analyze complex molecular structures, accelerating the discovery of new materials and drugs.
Artificial intelligence. In the context of artificial intelligence, quantum computing can accelerate machine learning algorithms, thereby stimulating progress in this field.